PGS

P GS is the abbreviation for Pre Implantation Screening. This treatment is very much similar to the PGD treatment. PGS necessitate the inspection of the chromosomes of the embryos which have been conceived by the various IVF treatments for the various usual abnormalities. These chromosomal abnormalities can become the primary reason of the failure of miscarriages or also lead to failure in implantation of the embryo.

I n a few cases, the condition of failure cause the person to be affected by the Down’s syndrome.

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How is PGD different from PGS?

P GS and PGD are very similar in nature as they both are used to test the chromosomal defects of the embryos, but still there is a minor difference between the two.

PGD, Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is the process involving the diagnosis of the genetic defects before the implantation of the embryo created by the IVF into the uterus.
PGS, Pre Implantation Screening is the process which involves the diagnosis of all kinds of chromosomal defects in the embryos. This can also be referred to as the basic screening of the embryo for normal chromosome copy number.

Procedure of PGS

Basically, the PGS is a six step process carried out by the experts IVF doctors. The procedure for the PGS is carried out in the following steps as stated:

STEP 1: Undergo IVF or ICSI

At the first step, the collection of the egg is required so as to undergo fertilization. And as a primary step to this patient undergo normal IVF or the ICSI treatment for this collection.

STEP 2: Growth of embryos

The embryo grows out in the laboratories for either two or three days till the time embryo cells are are ready for division. Usually, the embryos consist of near about eight cells.

STEP 3: Removal of cells

After the division of the cells, they are removed by the embryologist. The no of cells removed are either one or two.

STEP 4: Examination of the chromosomes

Followed by the removal, the chromosomes are examined to determine the total no of chromosomes and to identify the normal chromosomes.

STEP 5: Transfer of embryo

One, two, or three embryos without any chromosomal defects are transferred to the womb for providing the embryos with the environment for their development. The unused embryos are kept frozen for the future usage, when required.

STEP 6: Research on abnormal chromosomes

The embryos with the chromosomal defects are either discarded or used for the research work by the experts.

Who should think to undergo PGS?

Female with the age 38 and above
Couples with the past history of IVF failure
Individuals with diagnosed genetic diseases
Individual who are carriers of chromosomal translocations
Females with the past history of miscarriages

Risk associated with PGS

Damaging of the embryos during the process of cell removal
High probability of the embryos with chromosomal defects, thus, not apt for the transfer to womb for further development.

It might be possible that a miscarriage may occur even after this process of PGS is carried before the embryo transfer.