Overview
What is Diaper Rash?
Diaper rash is a generalized term indicating any skin irritation (regardless of cause) that develops in the diaper-covered region. Synonyms include diaper dermatitis (dermatitis = inflammation of the skin), napkin (or "nappy") dermatitis and ammonia dermatitis. While there are a several broad categories of causes of diaper rash, contact irritation is the most common culprit. While diaper rash is generally thought to affect infants and toddlers, any individual wearing a diaper (for example, an incontinent adult) is a candidate to develop this dermatitis.
What causes Diaper Dermatitis ?
Possible contributors to diaper dermatitis include the following:
- Irritation - from urine and feces trapped in the diaper.
- Candida Diaper Dermatitis - dermatitis caused by a yeast infection in the diaper area, often preceded by diaper dermatitis.
- Seborrheic Diaper Dermatitis - a common, chronic skin condition that can affect the diaper area as well as other locations on the body.
Other less common causes of dermatitis in the diaper area include the following:
- Impetigo - dermatitis caused by a bacterial infection.
- Perianal Streptococcal Disease- dermatitis caused by a streptococcus.
- Allergic Dermatitis - a type of dermatitis that is rare in the first 2 years of life, but may be caused by soaps and detergents, or the diaper.
What are the Symptoms of Diaper Dermatitis?
The symptoms of diaper dermatitis vary depending on the cause of the dermatitis, and may be different for each child that is affected. The following are common characteristics of the rash that may occur with each type of infection:
- Candida Diaper Dermatitis - this rash usually begins in the creases or folds of the thighs and in the diaper area, and then spreads. The rash is usually a deep, red, shiny rash with red, satellite lesions. This type of rash may be associated with thrush, a yeast infection in the baby's mouth.
- Seborrheic Diaper Dermatitis - this rash also affects the skin folds in the groin area and is usually pink. Infants may also have this rash on their face, scalp, or neck at the same time.
- Contact Diaper Dermatitis - this rash is mostly seen on the buttocks and may extend to the thighs, stomach, and waist area, but does not generally involve folds in the area. The rash is usually red and shiny.
The symptoms of diaper dermatitis may resemble other skin conditions. Always consult your child's physician for a diagnosis.
How is Diaper Dermatitis Diagnosed ?
Diaper dermatitis is usually diagnosed based on the location and appearance of the rash during physical examination of your child. In addition, your child's physician may do skin scraping to aid in the diagnosis.
Treatment for Diaper Dermatitis:
Treatment for diaper dermatitis will vary based on the cause of the dermatitis. Specific treatment for diaper dermatitis will also be determined by your physician based on
- Your child's age, overall health, and medical history
- Extent of the disease
- Your child's tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
- Expectations for the course of the disease
- Your opinion or preference
Treatment may include:
- Removal of the diaper for a few days
- Medicated diaper cream (as prescribed by your child's physician)
- Anti-inflammatory creams
- Moisture-resistant diaper creams
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