Knee Replacement Surgery,Knee Replacement Surgery Cost India Mumbai

Orthopedics

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- Knee

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Overview

Knee replacement surgery — also known as total knee arthroplasty can help relieve pain and restore function in severely diseased knee joints. During knee replacement, a surgeon cuts away damaged bone and cartilage from your thighbone, shinbone and kneecap and replaces it with an artificial joint (prosthesis) made of metal alloys, high-grade plastics and polymers.

The first artificial knees were little more than crude hinges. Today you and your doctor can choose from a wide variety of designs that take into account your age, weight, activity level and overall health. Most knee replacement joints attempt to replicate your knee's natural ability to roll and glide as it bends.

Why Knee Replacement is done ?

Knee replacement surgery can repair damage from osteoarthritis and other inflammatory conditions. The artificial joint has metal alloy caps for your thighbone and shinbone, and high-density plastic to replace eroded cartilage within the joint and on your kneecap.

Knee X-rays :

X-rays of an osteoarthritic knee before and after knee replacement surgery. A knee replacement can decrease pain and disability in people with knee problems caused by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and other degenerative conditions, such as avascular necrosis — a condition in which obstructed blood flow causes your bone tissue to die.

Knee replacement may help you if : -

You have pain that limits activities such as walking, climbing stairs and getting in and out of chairs, or you experience moderate or severe knee pain at rest.
You have limited function or mobility, such as chronic knee stiffness and swelling that prevent you from bending and straightening your knee.
You've tried other methods to improve symptoms, for example, resting, weight loss, physical therapy, a cane or other walking aid, medications, braces and surgery, but they've failed.
You have a knee deformity, such as a joint that bows in or out.
You're age 55 or older. Knee replacement is typically performed in older adults, but it may be considered for adults of all ages. Young, physically active people are more likely to wear out their new knee prematurely. For those people, a doctor may recommend continued nonsurgical treatment or suggest an alternative surgery such as arthroscopy, leg straightening (osteotomy), or a partial knee replacement, which replaces fewer components than does a total knee replacement.
You're generally healthy. Good candidates for knee replacement are typically healthy, without conditions such as restricted blood flow, diabetes, or infections that can complicate surgery and recovery. Obesity alone won't disqualify you from surgery, but it may slow healing and increase your risk of infection after surgery.

Risks of Knee Replacement Surgery

As with any surgery, knee replacement surgery carries risks, including : -

Infection
Knee stiffness
Blood clots in the leg vein (thrombophlebitis) or lungs (pulmonary embolism)
Heart attack
Stroke
Nerve damage

Infection can occur years after surgery

Infection is an ongoing concern. Even years after surgery, bacteria can travel through your bloodstream and infect the surgical site.

Contact your doctor immediately if you notice : -

Fever greater than 100 F (38 C)
Shaking chills
Drainage from the surgical site
Increasing redness, tenderness, swelling and pain in the knee

How you prepare for Knee Replacement Surgery ?

An orthopedic surgeon — a doctor who treats muscle and bone problems — performs knee replacement procedures. Before the procedure, the surgeon takes your medical history and performs a physical examination to assess your knee's range of motion, stability and strength. An X-ray exam to determine the extent of knee damage also may done. You'll undergo a full medical exam, including blood tests, an electrocardiogram and a urine test, before surgery.

Knee replacement surgery requires anesthesia to make you comfortable during surgery. Your input and personal preference helps the team decide whether to use general anesthesia, which renders you unconscious during the operation, or spinal or epidural anesthesia, during which you are awake but can't feel any pain.

Your doctor or anesthesiologist may advise you to stop taking certain medications and dietary supplements before your surgery. You'll likely be instructed not to eat anything after midnight before your surgery.

Plan ahead for your recovery after surgery

For several weeks after the procedure, you may need the assistance of crutches or a walker. Make advance arrangements for transportation home from the hospital and help with everyday tasks such as cooking, bathing and doing laundry. If you live alone, your surgeon's staff can suggest a temporary caretaker.

To make your home safer and easier to navigate during recovery, consider making the following improvements : -

Create a complete living space on one floor since climbing stairs can be difficult.
Install safety bars or a secure handrail in your shower or bath.
Secure handrails along your stairways.
Obtain a stable chair with a firm seat cushion and back, and a footstool to elevate your leg.
Arrange for a toilet-seat riser with arms if you have a low toilet.
Try a stable bench or chair for your shower.
Remove all loose carpets and electric cords.

After knee replacement surgery

After surgery, you're wheeled to a recovery room for one to two hours. You're then moved to your hospital room, where you typically stay for several days before going home. You may feel some pain, but nerve blocks and medications prescribed by your doctor will help control it.

During the hospital stay, you're encouraged to move your foot and ankle, which increases blood flow to your leg muscles and helps prevent swelling and blood clots. You may need to receive blood thinners and wear support hose or compression boots to further protect against swelling and clotting.

The day after surgery, a physical therapist shows you how to exercise your new knee. To help regain movement, you may use a device called a continuous passive motion machine, which slowly moves your knee while you're in bed.

During the first few weeks after surgery, you're more likely to experience a good recovery if you follow all of your surgeon's instructions concerning wound care, diet and exercise.

Your physical activity program needs to include : -