Overview
Rabies is a viral infection of the central and peripheral nervous systems that causes encephalitis with or without paralysis; it is virtually uniformly fatal.
Race
Rabies has no known racial predilection.
Sex
Rabies has no known sexual predilection.
Age
Rabies has no known age predilection.
Physical
Include the following in any examination of a patient who has been bitten by an animal:
- Localization and documentation of the extent of the wound
- Evidence of secondary complications, such as bacterial superinfection and tissue destruction
- Neurologic examination of a patient with rabies - May reveal altered mental status, anxiety, hyperactivity, and bizarre behaviors with interspersed calm periods
- Examination for autonomic instability –Hypertension, hypersalivation, hyperthermia, hyperventilation
Causes
- Rabies is caused by the rabies virus, of the genus Lyssavirus and family Rhabdoviridae.
- The bullet-shaped RNA virus has 3 major components: surface glycoprotein (G protein), outer envelope protein (M or matrix protein), and nucleocapsid.
- Rabies virus is transmitted by bite or saliva of an infected mammal.
- Any mammal can carry and potentially transmit the virus, but carnivorous species and bats are usually the agents of transmission.
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