Overview

Pediatric surgery :

Pediatric surgery is a specialized field of surgery for the treatment of conditions that can be surgically corrected in a baby, child, or adolescent. Purpose The purpose of pediatric surgery varies with the procedure. In general, the purpose is to surgically correct a congenital condition, disease, traumatic injury, or other disorder in the pediatric patient.


Pediatric surgery is the surgical branch that uses operative techniques to correct certain pediatric conditions (i.e., congenital abnormalities, tumors, chronic diseases, and traumatic injuries).


There are different specialties within the field that include:

pediatric general surgery
pediatric otolaryngology (ear, nose, and throat)
pediatric ophthalmology (eye)
pediatric urology (urogenital system)
pediatric orthopedic (bone) surgery
pediatric neurological (brain and spinal cord) surgery
pediatric plastic (reconstructive and cosmetic) surgery

General surgery :

General surgery is the treatment of injury, deformity, and disease using operative procedures.
In earlier times, surgery was a dangerous and dirty practice. as many patients died of surgery as were cured, surgery became more humane. And as knowledge about infections grew, surgery became more successful as sterile practices were introduced into the operating room.

Otolaryngology :

Otolaryngology or ENT (ear, nose and throat) is the branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, throat, and head and neck disorders. The full name of the specialty is otolaryngology-head and neck surgery.

ophthalmology :

ophthalmology branch of medicine specializing in the anatomy, function and diseases of the eye. Ophthalmologists specialize in the medical and surgical treatment of eye disorders, vision measurements for glasses (refraction), eye muscle exercises (orthoptics), and the prevention of blindness and care of the blind. Some of the major causes of blindness in adults are cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, senile macular degeneration, retinal detachment and opacities of the cornea.

Urology :

Urology is the surgical specialty that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive system of males. Medical professionals specializing in the field of urology are called urologists and are trained to diagnose, treat, and manage patients with urological disorders. The organs covered by urology include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and the male reproductive organs (testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and penis). Both Urologists and General Surgeons operate on the adrenal glands.

orthopedic :

Pertaining to the correction of abnormal form or relationship of bone structures. May be accomplished surgically (orthopedic surgery) or by the application of appliances to stimulate changes in the bone structure by natural physiologic response (orthopedic therapy). Orthodontic therapy is orthopedic therapy applied through the teeth.

Neurologic :

Neuroradiology is a subspecialty of radiology focusing on the diagnosis and characterization of abnormalities of the central and peripheral nervous system, spine, and head and neck. Primary imaging modalities include computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Plain radiography is utilized on a limited basis and ultrasound is used in limited circumstances, particularly in the pediatric population. Angiography is traditionally used for diagnosis of vascular abnormalities or diagnosis and characterization of masses or other lesions but is being replaced in many instances by CT or MRI angiography and imaging.

Cosmetics :

Any of several preparations (excluding soap) applied to the human body for beautifying, preserving, or altering the appearance or for cleansing, colouring, conditioning, or protecting the skin, hair, nails, lips, eyes, or teeth.

Children :

Single ventricle, a collective term that describes defects in which oxygen-rich and poor blood is mixed in a single ventricle. Our pediatric cardiac surgeons have expertise in the Fontan procedure, which directs oxygen-poor blood directly to the pulmonary artery and lungs. The single ventricle is reserved for collecting oxygen-rich blood from the lungs, then pumping it to the aorta and the rest of the body.

Congenital Heart Disease Surgery :

Congenital heart defects are common, affecting nearly one percent of all newborns. Having a congenital heart defect increases the risk for developing complications such as heart failure, endocarditis, atrial fibrillation and heart valve problems. Surgical treatment of a congenital heart defect varies depending on the specific diagnosis.

Common surgical procedures include : -

Repair of holes in the heart
Obstruction to blood flow
Valve lesions
Irregular heart rhythms
A combination of the above conditions


Neonatal Surgery for Heart Conditions :

One of our specialties is the repair of very complex neonatal heart conditions in premature (and low birth weight) babies. As a regional referral center, families from throughout the state come to California Pacific to receive care for a premature child or a fetus in which heart abnormalities are detected.

We are also frequently asked to evaluate babies prior to birth when the fetus is recognized as having a heart defect. Common neonatal conditions corrected by our surgeon include ventricular septal defects (VSDs), Tetralogy of Fallot and total anomalous pulmonary venous abnormalities. These complex neonatal disease repairs are performed using minimally invasive surgery and often employ innovative brain protection strategies. Brain protection is critical to maintaining neurological function and learning potential. These capabilities may be compromised when blood flow to the brain is stopped—even briefly—during surgery.


Echo-Assisted Open Heart Surgery :

Echocardiography or ultrasonography of the heart is routinely performed during all open heart procedures, regardless of size. Once the child or adult is fully under anesthesia, a probe is placed within the esophagus allowing for excellent views of the intra-cardiac structures. Occasionally when a neonate is very small, weighs less than 2.5kg, or when there is a history of esophageal pathology, an epicardial study is perfomed by placing a small probe directly on the heart.

The advantage of such routine surveillance is the determination of subtle abnormalities and improved quality of the surgical repair. Rarely we can avoid an open heart procedure by using the echocardiographic pictures “real-time” allowing for procedures to be performed without incising the heart chambers but rather by placing precise instruments through small ports within the heart tissue.


Extracardiac Fontan :

Extracardiac Fontan is performed for children or adults with single ventricle physiology. The Fontan procedure connects the right atrium to the pulmonary artery, thus separating the systemic and pulmonary venous circulations.


Intraoperative Stenting :

In this procedure, the surgeon and interventional cardiologist work together to insert a stent (and open up a blockage), most often within the pulmonary artery. By using minimally invasive techniques to open the chest, the physicians can insert a larger stent that will last longer than one threaded through the groin vessels.


Minimally Invasive Heart Surgery :

Pediatric Heart Surgery, Children Hospital, Pediatric Hospitals, Heart, Cardiovascular SurgeryMinimally invasive surgery is typically performed through either a “keyhole” or “port-access” approach. A keyhole approach involves one midline incision (hemi-median sternotomy) across the lower two-thirds of the sternum. A port-access approach involves multiple 1-cm incisions which allow for insertion of either robotically controlled instrumentation (via the daVinci or Aesop robotic system) or handheld thorascopic instruments.


Pacemakers :

Sometimes, one’s heart rhythm needs to be electrically stimulated so it will maintain a normal heartbeat. In these cases, our cardiovascular surgeon may implant a pacemaker, which helps to restore one’s heart rhythm and improve its ability to circulate blood through the body.


Ross Procedure :

Some children and adults require an aortic valve replacement when other strategies have failed or are not indicated (i.e. balloon catheter dilation or valve repair). In these cases, a patient’s pulmonary valve is removed and used as the heart’s aortic valve and an artificial tissue valve is inserted in its place. This procedure is more complex than just replacing the valve with an artificial one, but has the advantages of:

No artificial valve noises
No need for anticoagulation or blood thinners
Resistance to infection
Potential for growth (an important consideration for neonates, children and young adults)

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