What
are the surgical options?
There are two types of surgical option in
such cases -
---1. Spinal Fusion
---2. Disc Replacement
Disc
replacement is the most innovative and modern treatment that is now available.
In spinal fusion surgery, the disc (which is a soft material between two vertebrae)
is removed and the space is packed with bone graft. In due course of time, the
bone creates a solid bony bridge across the two vertebrae. By doing away with
movement, previously painful segment is made pain free.
However, the
disadvantage of this procedure is that not only does this takes away normal movements
of spine at that particular level but also ultimately leads to degeneration of
higher level of spine which was uninvolved earlier on. This thus leads to pain
in uninvolved segment over the course of time.
Modern innovative operative
treatment for Degenerative Disc Disease is - DISC REPLACEMENT. After removing
the disc, it is replaced by an artificial disc which thus restores movements in
that particular segment and also does not make higher motion segment of vertebral
column painful in the longer run.
What
is an artificial disc ?
It is a three-piece medical device consisting
of a sliding core sandwiched between two metal endplates. The sliding core is
made from a medical grade plastic and the end plates are made from medical grade
cobalt chromium alloy. These materials usually do not harm the human body and
are used in many other medical implants such as total knee replacement implants.
WHO
is a candidate for Artificial Disc?
The Artificial Disc is an alternative to spinal fusion for patients who have
one or two degenerated, painful discs usually between L4/L5 and L5/S1. The
disc deterioration is confirmed by history, x-rays and MRI Scan. Patients
should have failed at least six month of treatment such as pain medication,
a back brace, or physical therapy. Patients who have had some type of minor
lower back surgery may still receive the Artificial Disc.
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Spine is an extremely important structure in the body. It not only gives support to the body, but also allows mobility of the back in different directions. In addition to that, it houses the most important connection between brain and the rest of the body - spinal cord.
Spine is made up of number of vertebral bones stacked one on top of the other. In between the vertebrae are discs which lend mobility to the spine and act as shock absorbers. On the back side, there are two small joints at each levels - called facet joints. This type of structure allows one to bend and rotate in different directions.
When the discs wear out, spine at that particular level does not function normally and also the back becomes painful. The degeneration of disc leads to a condition called Degenerative Disc Disease. Whereas majority of such patients can be treated with painkillers, braces, physical therapy, small percentage of such patients do not respond to non-operative treatment and need surgery.