Overview
What Is Fluoride ?
Fluoride exists naturally in water sources and is derived from fluorine, the thirteenth most common element in the Earth's crust. It is well known that fluoride helps prevent and even reverse the early stages of tooth decay.
Tooth decay occurs when plaque — that sticky film of bacteria that accumulates on your teeth — breaks down sugars in food. The bacteria produce damaging acids that dissolve the hard enamel surfaces of teeth. If the damage is not stopped or treated, the bacteria can penetrate through the enamel causing tooth decay (also called cavities or caries). Cavities weaken teeth and can lead to pain, tooth loss, or even widespread infection in the most severe cases.
Fluoride combats tooth decay in two ways. It is incorporated into the structure of developing teeth when it is ingested and also works when it comes in contact with the surface of the teeth. Fluoride prevents the acid produced by the bacteria in plaque from dissolving, or demineralizing, tooth enamel, the hard and shiny substance that protects the teeth. Fluoride also allows teeth damaged by acid to repair, or remineralize, themselves. Fluoride cannot repair cavities, but it can reverse low levels of tooth decay and thus prevent new cavities from forming.
Despite the good news about dental health, tooth decay remains one of the most common diseases of childhood. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than one quarter of 2- to 5-year-olds and half of kids 12 to 15 years old have one or more cavities, and tooth decay has affected two thirds of 16- to 19-year-olds.
Fluoride in Drinking Water:
- Fluorine, a highly reactive gas seldom occur in nature in elemental form. It has very high affinity to combine with other elements or molecules and form fluorides.
- In nature, the most common fluoride containing compounds are 3 · calcium fluorite (Fluorspar; CaF2) · Cryolite (Sodium Aluminium Fluoride; Na3AIF6) and · Calcium phosphate (Apatite) complex.
- The geological crust in India is very rich in fluoride bearing minerals. Though the country is mineral rich, it has its own problems too.
- Fluoride is known to leach out and contaminate the underground aquifers.
- In India a large population in villages depend upon ground water drawn through hand-pumps, tube wells (energized) and open wells, for consumption · consuming untreated groundwater led to excess fluoride entry to the body.
- The urban population too, due to shortage of treated water, are dependent on ground water to a large extend.
- Groundwater used maximally for irrigation for agricultural purposes, the crops are also contaminated with high fluoride.
- India has a major public health problem as a result of ingestion of excess fluoride through drinking water and food (agricultural crops) besides processed food.
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