Overview
An aneurysm is a balloon-like bulge in an artery. Aneurysms can form in arteries of all sizes. An aneurysm occurs when the pressure of blood passing through part of a weakened artery forces the vessel to bulge outward, forming what you might think of as a blister. Not all aneurysms are life threatening. But if the bulging stretches the artery too far, this vessel may burst, causing a person to bleed to death. An aneurysm that bleeds into the brain can lead to stroke or death
How Is an Aneurysm Treated?
Aortic aneurysms Repair are treated with medicines and surgery. A small aneurysm that's found early and isn't causing symptoms may not need treatment. Other aneurysms need to be treated.
The goals of treatment are to:
- Prevent the aneurysm from growing
- Prevent or reverse damage to other body structures
- Prevent or treat a rupture or dissection
- Allow you to continue to do your normal daily activities
Open Abdominal or Open Chest aortic aneurysms Repair :
The standard and most common type of surgery for aortic aneurysms is open abdominal or open chest repair. It involves a major incision (cut) in the abdomen or chest. General anesthesia is used for this procedure—that is, you will be temporarily put to sleep so you don't feel pain during the surgery.
Types Of Aneurysms Repair :
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms :
Most abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) develop slowly over years. They often don't have signs or symptoms unless they rupture. If you have an AAA, your doctor may feel a throbbing mass while checking your abdomen.
When symptoms are present, they can include :-
A throbbing feeling in the abdomenDeep pain in your back or the side of your abdomenSteady, gnawing pain in your abdomen that lasts for hours or days
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms :
A thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) may not cause symptoms until it dissects or grows large. Then, symptoms may include:
Pain in your jaw, neck, back, or chestCoughing, hoarseness, or trouble breathing or swallowing
A dissection is a split in one or more layers of the artery wall. The split causes bleeding into and along the layers of the artery wall.
Brain Aneurysms :
When an aneurysm occurs in an artery in the brain, it's called a cerebral (seh-RE-bral or SER-eh-bral) aneurysm or brain aneurysm. Brain aneurysms also are sometimes called berry aneurysms because they're often the size of a small berry.
Who Is At Risk for an Aneurysm?
Certain factors put you at higher risk for an aortic aneurysm. These include:
Male gender. Men are more likely than women to have abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs)-the most common type of aneurysm.Age. The risk for AAAs increases as you get older. These aneurysms are more likely to occur in people who are 65 or older.Smoking. Smoking can damage and weaken the walls of the aorta.Family history of aortic aneurysm. People who have family histories of aortic aneurysm are at higher risk of having one, and they may have aneurysms before the age of 65.
How Is an Aneurysm Diagnosed ?
If you have aortic aneurysm, but no symptoms, your doctor may find it by chance during a routine physical exam. More often, doctors find aneurysms during tests done for other reasons, such as chest or abdominal pain.
What Are the Signs and Symptoms of an Aneurysm ?
The signs and symptoms of an aortic aneurysm depend on the type of aneurysm, its location, and whether it has ruptured or is affecting other parts of the body.
Aneurysms can develop and grow for years without causing any signs or symptoms. They often don't cause signs or symptoms until they rupture, grow large enough to press on nearby parts of the body, or block blood flow.
Risks :
Risks for any surgery are :-
- Reactions to medicines
- Breathing problems
- Blood clots in the legs that may travel to the lungs
- Heart attack or stroke
- Infection, including in the lungs, urinary tract, and belly
- Bleeding before or after procedure
- Poor blood supply to your legs, your kidneys, or other organs
- Damage to a nerve, causing pain or numbness in the leg
- Bleeding around the graft requiring more surgery
Before the Procedure :-
Your doctor will do a thorough physical exam and tests before you have surgery. Always tell your doctor or nurse what drugs you are taking, even drugs, supplements, or herbs you bought without a prescription.
If you are a smoker, you should stop. Your doctor or nurse can help.
During the 2 weeks before your surgery, you will visit your doctor to make sure medical problems, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart or lung problems, are being treated well.You also may be asked to stop taking drugs that make it harder for your blood to clot. These include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), clopidogrel (Plavix), warfarin (Coumadin), naprosyn (Aleve, Naproxen), and other drugs like these.Ask your doctor which drugs you should still take on the day of your surgery.Always let your doctor know about any cold, flu, fever, herpes breakout, or other illness you may have before your surgery.Do NOT drink anything after midnight, the day before your surgery, including water.
On the day of your surgery:
Take the drugs your doctor told you to take with a small sip of water.Your doctor or nurse will tell you when to arrive at the hospital.
After the Procedure :-
Most people stay in the hospital for 3 to 5 days after this surgery, depending on the type of procedure you had. During a hospital stay, you may:
Be in the intensive care unit (ICU), where you will be watched very closely at first Have a urinary catheter Be given medicines to keep your blood thin Be encouraged to sit on the side of your bed and then walk Wear special stockings to prevent blood clots in your legs Receive pain medicine into your veins or into the space that surrounds your spinal cord (epidural)
Life after aneurysm surgery :
After aneurysm surgery, you should limit the fat and cholesterol in your diet. Your doctor may recommend an exercise program. You may also need to make some lifestyle changes, such as starting a new diet, quitting smoking, and learning to deal with stress.
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