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Overview

 


An Anal Fistula is when a small, tunnel like structure (tract) develops between the back passage (anal canal) and the opening to the outer skin surrounding the anus. On the surface of the skin around the anus, one or more of the fistula ends may be seen as holes, which tunnel down into the back passage.

Anal Fistula , Anal Canal, Colonoscopy, Rectal Surgeons, Benign Ano Rectal Conditions




There are many different types of fistula, ranging from a simple, singular tract to more complicated fistulas that can be made up of several tracts which branch out. Some fistulas can be connected to the muscles that control your bowels. An anal fistula usually develops after an anal abscess (a collection of pus) bursts. It can also form when an abscess has not been completely treated.

They can also be caused by a condition which affects the intestines, such as irritable bowel syndrome or Crohn's disease. Most anal fistulas require surgery, as they rarely heal if left untreated. However, complications are rare, and in most cases a fistula will not develop a second time.

Symptoms Of Anal Fistula


  • A throbbing, constant pain
  • Irritation of skin around the anus
  • Fever
  • Evidence of pus or blood when passing stools
  • Generally feeling unwell.


Causes Of Anal Fistula


Anal Abscess : -
Anal fistulas most commonly develop as a result of an anal abscess. An abscess is a collection of pus and infected fluid. An anal abscess normally develops after a small gland, just inside the anus, becomes infected with bacteria or foreign matter. Abscesses are usually treated with a course of antibiotics. In most cases, you will also need to have the infected fluid drained away from the abscess.

If an anal abscess bursts before it has been treated, then it can sometimes lead to an anal fistula. A fistula may also occur if an abscess has not completely healed, or if the infected fluid has not been entirely drained away. An abscess does not always develop into a fistula. Approximately half of all people who experience an anal abscess will go on to develop a fistula. There is no way of predicting when a fistula will develop.

Anal fistulas are also a common complication of conditions that result in inflammation of the intestines.

Some Of These Conditions Include : -

  • irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
  • diverticulitis
  • ulcerative colitis
  • Crohn's disease
  • tuberculosis
  • gonorrhoea,
  • cancer of the rectum.


Treating Anal Fistula


Anal Fistula Surgery Procedure, Low Cost Anal Fistula Surgery Surgeons India The main aim of treatment for an anal fistula is to heal the fistula with as little effect on the anal sphincter muscles (the ring of muscles that open and close the anus) as possible. Damage to the sphincter muscles could cause incontinence problems in the future.

Very few anal fistulas are able to heal by themselves, so surgery is usually necessary.



Fistulotomy : -


The main surgical procedure used to treat a fistula is a fistulotomy. During this procedure, the surgeon will cut open the fistula, whilst you are under general anaesthetic, and then scrape and flush out its contents. The fistula is then laid open and flattened out. After 1-2 months, the fistula will heal into a flat scar. To access the fistula, your surgeon may have to cut a small portion of the anal sphincter muscle.

If the fistula is relatively simple to operate on, you may have the surgery and go home the same day. If the path of the fistula is particularly long or complicated, you may need to stay in hospital for a few days, or undergo a second stage of surgery to complete the procedure.

It can be painful to move around soon after the operation, but after approximately one week, any pain and discomfort should ease. Most people make a full recovery after two to six weeks, but if the fistula was particularly complicated, it can take up to eight weeks for it to heal completely.


Fibrin Glue Or Collagen Plug : -


Most cases of anal fistula will require surgery, However, in some cases you may be able to have the fistula sealed with a special type of glue made from protein. This means the fistula will not have to be cut open. The glue is injected through the opening of the fistula, and then stitched closed. A fistula can also be sealed using a small plug made of collagen and then stitched closed.







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