Overview
In radiation therapy, high-energy radiation from X-rays, gamma rays, or other sources is used to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Most malignant brain tumors are treated with external-beam radiation even if the entire primary tumor is surgically removed, because hidden tumor cells often remain in brain tissue.
Radiation therapy can also be given to a much focused area of the brain using a technique called stereotactic radiosurgery. Stereotactic radiosurgery requires a patient to have a head frame attached, so that a precise map can be made of the patient's head. Radiation is then focused from a variety of different angles to deliver a large radiation dose to the tumor or tumor bed.
This can be performed using the same machine that delivers external beam radiation or by a special machine called a gamma knife. Radiation can also be given internally by implanting high strength radioactive sources in the vicinity of the tumor or the tumor bed. This is called brachytherapy.
Will Radiation Therapy Make The Patient Radioactive?
Cancer patients receiving radiation therapy are often concerned that the treatment will make them radioactive. The answer to this question depends on the type of radiation therapy being given.
External radiation therapy will not make the patient radioactive. Patients do not need to avoid being around other people because of the treatment.
Internal radiation therapy (interstitial, intracavitary, or intraluminal) that involves sealed implants emits radioactivity, so a stay in the hospital may be needed. Certain precautions are taken to protect hospital staff and visitors. The sealed sources deliver most of their radiation mainly around the area of the implant, so while the area around the implant is radioactive, the patient's whole body is not radioactive.
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