Overview
What Is It?
Pneumococci are bacteria that are commonly found in the respiratory tracts of healthy individuals. For reasons that aren’t entirely clear, these bacteria can become invasive and cause significant illness in some people, especially children under the age of 3, people over the age of 65, and certain high-risk groups (see “Who’s most at risk?” below).
What Are The Most Significant Complications?
Active infections can cause pneumonia, blood infections, and meningitis. Prior to childhood vaccinations for pneumococcal, there were 13,000 cases of blood infections plus 700 cases of meningitis among children each year, and 200 children died each year from complications of the disease.
Who’s Most At Risk?
Children under the age of 3 and people over 65 are at significantly higher risk of complications that other age groups. Attendance at a child care center has also been shown to double or triple the risk of invasive pneumococcal disease among children younger than 59 months.
Rates are also higher among children who are Alaska Native, African-American, and certain American Indian groups (Arizona, New Mexico, and Navajo populations in Colorado and Utah). Children with a cochlear implant are at increased risk for pneumococcal meningitis.
Children with spleen disorders, sickle-cell anemia, and HIV are at very high risk, with rates as much as 50 times higher than among children of the same age without these conditions.
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